This thesis purports to argue the importance of the issue of people's livelihood to the member states of SCO, and summarily discuss the changes of livelihood situations of each member state and existing problems. It points out that the SCO member states have all seen a transformation of their thinking pattern, heightened their awareness of and attention to the issue of people's livelihood, and markedly increased their financial input with some countries even naming the issue of people's livelihood a central task in planning their future national development. It also points out that the SCO member states have different national characteristics so that their respective issues of people's livelihood also differ with each other. Due to the facts that there are huge disparities in terms of the economic strength of the countries concerned, and their concepts of political administering are not necessarily the same either, the degree of addressing the issue of people's livelihood are also varied. The thesis also discusses the strategic planning each SCO state adopts to improve one's people's livelihood as well as the aims and tasks expected to be carried out. It is the belief of the thesis that on the matter of addressing the issue of people's livelihood of its member states, SCO is capable of some real and concrete deeds, and it possesses good conditions to do lots of work, especially on fulfilling its organizational and coordinating role.