New changes occurred in the security situation of Central Asia in 2012. Apart from traditionally existing issues such as drug trafficking, disputes in water resources, ethnical strife in border areas etc., some Islamic extremist forces were infiltrating busily in Central Asian states and actively expanding their influences by means of religious organizations and the internet. The terrorist and extremist religious cases have increased markedly in Kazakhstan. NATO troops were to withdraw from Afghanistan in large numbers. The cooperation between Uzbekistan and US was again on the rise and the former again halted its activity in the collective security mechanism of CIS, which resulted in intensified rivalry between US and Russia surrounding the issue of military base, hence increasingly complicated military and security situation of the Central Asian region. The countries of the region and SCO took active measures to combat the three forces and achieved certain good effects, yet their solidarity and cooperation need to be further strengthened to strike at the three forces while properly dealing with the issue of Afghanistan.