This paper focuses on the political turmoil in France in 2024，using the fall of Prime Minister Barnier’s government and the appointment of François Bayrou as key events to explore whether France is merely undergoing a political crisis or facing a deeper regime crisis under the Fifth Republic. It reviews the nomination of Barnier，the collapse of his government，the rise of Bayrou，and the passage of the 2025 budget，analyzing the evolving relationship between President Macron and Parliament，the challenges posed by fiscal deficits，and the reconfiguration of left-wing and center-right parties. The paper argues that the ongoing instability not only reflects the vulnerability of a government lacking an absolute parliamentary majority but also exposes the structural dysfunction of the Fifth Republic’s institutions in an era of increasing political fragmentation，marking the shift from a political crisis to a regime crisis.