Following the 2024 European Parliament elections，French President Emmanuel Macron announced the dissolution of the National Assembly，triggering early legislative elections. For the first time in the history of the Fifth Republic，the electoral outcome produced a profoundly altered parliamentary configuration，characterized by the dominance of three major political blocs. This unprecedented shift ushered in a period of heightened political instability：within the span of a single year，France experienced four changes in prime ministerial leadership，and，for the first time in 62 years，the National Assembly voted to bring down a sitting government. The difficulties encountered by Prime Minister Bayrou’s administration reflected the waning influence of traditional political parties and the intensifying of ideological polarization within the French political system. The growing dysfunction of the “Republican front” strategy—a coalition mechanism historically deployed to counter extremist parties—further exposed structural weaknesses within the nation’s political institutions. These developments not only deepened political fragmentation but also undermined public trust and participation in the democratic process. Amid this turbulent context，a further destabilizing event occurred in March 2025：Marine Le Pen，the main far-right candidate in the presidential election，was sentenced by a court to five years of ineligibility. This judicial decision introduced a new layer of uncertainty into an already polarized and fragmented political landscape，further accentuating the challenges confronting France’s democratic governance.