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《朱夏》中暗潮涌动的“满洲开拓生活”实像

文章摘要

1932年3月,日本军部建立了伪满洲国。为了实现自己的全面统治,日本军部不仅对中国东北地区在经济、政治、教育等方面进行镇压和统治,还在日本国内大肆宣扬“满洲”是“理想乡”等,并颁布了“满洲开拓移民”、“满洲青少年义勇军”以及“大陆新娘”等政策,使更多日本人选择或者被迫“渡满”。其中有一批“渡满人”,他们拥有不同的人生经历和“渡满”立场,在日伪当局不断变化的政策影响下,他们有的是在生活于中国东北时期开始进行创作的,也有在经历战败返迁体验后,书写其时的东北地区。其中,宫尾登美子是为数不多的在战争结束后以自己的“满洲”体验为题材进行小说创作的女性作家。作为宫尾的自传体小说四部曲之一,《朱夏》的内容立足于“满洲”现实,以特有的女性视角,着眼于“满洲开拓移民”的生存状况,通过对“渡满”生活中大家所认为的“家长里短”的烦琐小事进行细致描写,在一定程度上真实地反映了日本殖民东北时期的社会现状,从而揭露日本侵略中国、迫害中国人民的真相。

Abstract

In March 1932,the Japanese military established the “Manchuria”. In order to achieve its comprehensive rule,the Japanese military not only suppressed and ruled the Northeast region of China in terms of economy,politics,education,etc.,but also vigorously promoted “Manchuria” as an “ideal hometown” in Japan,and issued policies such as “Manchuria Expanding Immigration”,“Manchuria Youth Volunteer Army”,and “Mainland Bride”,making more Japanese choose or be forced to “cross Manchuria”. Among them,there are a group of “Manchuria crossing people” who have different life experiences and “Manchuria crossing” positions. Under the influence of the continuously changing policies issued by the Manchurian puppet authorities,some of Japanese writers began to create their works on “Manchuria” during the “Manchuria” period,while others,after experiencing defeat and return,wrote about the unique and alternative “scenery” of “Manchuria” in literary history. Among them,Miyao Tomiko is one of the few female writers who,after the end of the war,created novels based on her own experience in “Manchuria”. As one of the four autobiographical novels by Miyao Tomiko,Shu Ka is based on the reality of “Manchuria”,with the content written from a unique female’s perspective,focusing on the survival situation of “Manchuria’s expanding immigrants”. By meticulously describing the trivial details of what people consider to be the “family trifles” in the life of “crossing Manchuria”,to some extent,it truly reflects the social situation during the “Manchurian” period,thus revealing the truth of Japanese invasion of China and persecution of the Chinese people.

作者简介
李浩:李浩,山东省淄博市高青县第一中学二级教师,主要研究方向为日本文学。
尚一鸥:尚一鸥,东北师范大学日本研究所副教授、博士生导师,主要研究方向为日本文学。