近年来，欧盟通过“移民外交”将移民治理融入外交战略，以应对中东、北非冲突，经济不平等以及气候变化引发的移民和难民潮。欧盟移民外交的核心策略包括“有条件性”和“议题联系性”，通过签证政策、发展援助、贸易协定等激励手段，推动欧盟与土耳其、约旦、突尼斯等国的合作，并通过“边境管控外部化”将治理责任外包给过境国。2024年生效的新《欧洲移民和庇护公约》整合了欧盟移民政策框架，强调责任分担、边境安全与合法移民途径，为欧盟未来应对移民和庇护问题提供了新的政策指引。然而，欧盟移民外交面临着多重困境：激励措施效果有限、外部化策略依赖性强且成本高昂、成员国间政策协调困难以及地缘政治复杂性加剧治理不确定性。
In recent years，the European Union has increasingly integrated migration governance into its foreign policy through “migration diplomacy”，aiming to address migration and refugee flows driven by conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa，economic inequality，and climate change. Core strategies include “conditionality” and “issue linkage”，employing incentives such as visa policies，development aid，and trade agreements to foster cooperation with countries like Turkey，Jordan，and Tunisia，and shifting governance responsibilities to transit states through “externalizing border control”. The newly enacted Pact on Migration and Asylum in 2024 consolidates the EU’s migration policy framework，emphasizing responsibility-sharing，border security，and legal migration pathways，providing new policy guidance for the EU’s future response to migration and asylum challenges. However，EU migration diplomacy faces multiple dilemmas：the limited effectiveness of incentive measures，the high dependency and costs associated with externalization strategies，difficulties in policy coordination among member states，and the increasing uncertainty in governance due to geopolitical complexities.
