In September 2023，Mali，Burkina Faso and Niger established the Alliance of Sahel States. On July 6，2024，these three countries held the first summit of the Alliance of Sahel States and signed the Treaty of “Confederation of Sahel States”. The mechanisms of the Alliance of Sahel States are being improved and a number of measures have been put in place to promote cooperation within the Alliance. The establishment of the Alliance of Sahel States was historically influenced by the ideology and practice of pan-Africanism，and reflected the demands of common development and security. The economic and social ties among member States and the reform of the security strategies of the major powers have created internal and external conditions for the establishment of the Alliance of Sahel States. The development of the Alliance of Sahel States has strengthened the solidarity among military regimes，which will help the member States to unite and strengthen themselves and seek independent development，but it will impede the process of regional integration in West Africa and aggravate the competitive game of the major powers in the region. The future development of the Alliance of Sahel States will be affected by the political transition process of member States，their internal judicial，economic，security issues，and the positions of regional countries and majors powers.