作为欧洲技术创新的标杆国家,德国自2018年颁布首部《国家人工智能战略》以来,逐步从基础研究主导转向产业应用优先,并通过《人工智能行动计划》以及欧盟《人工智能法案》强化技术主权与伦理规制。在全球技术竞争层面,德国积极探索区别于中美模式的“第三条道路”,将人工智能与本国的优势产业相结合,高度重视“可信AI”治理与技术主权争夺,以制度创新和价值输出构建竞争优势。在欧洲层面,德国通过推动标准化、促进跨国研究合作及加强数据主权治理,确保其人工智能战略与欧盟整体规划保持一致。在国内层面,德国通过支持中小企业数字化转型、加强基础研究与应用研究、推动人才培养及优化技术转移机制,进一步夯实其人工智能战略的本地基础。其人工智能战略调整对经济竞争力提升、社会治理优化及欧洲数字领导力重塑具有显著影响,但也面临算力基础设施薄弱、中小企业转型压力较大、人才供给不足等结构性挑战。
As a benchmark country for technological innovation in Europe,Germany has gradually shifted from leading in basic research to prioritizing industrial applications since the promulgation of its first National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in 2018,and has strengthened its technological sovereignty and ethical regulation through the Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence and the European Artificial Intelligence Act. At the level of global technological competition,Germany is actively exploring the “third way” that is different from the China-US model,combining AI with its dominant industries,attaching great importance to the governance of “credible AI” and the fight for technological sovereignty,and constructing a competitive advantage through institutional innovation and value output. At the European level,Germany ensures that its AI strategy is consistent with the overall plan of the European Union by promoting standardization,facilitating transnational research cooperation and strengthening data sovereignty governance. At the domestic level,Germany further strengthens the local foundation of its AI strategy by supporting the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),strengthening basic and applied research,promoting talent cultivation and optimizing technology transfer mechanisms. The alignment of its AI strategy has a significant impact on economic competitiveness enhancement,social governance optimization and the reshaping of Europe’s digital leadership,but it also faces structural challenges such as weak arithmetic infrastructure,SME transformation pressure and insufficient supply of talent.