印度平民党成立于2012年，由反腐社会运动发展而来。该党在不到十年的时间内先后在德里国家首都辖区和旁遮普邦获得执政地位，成为观察印度社会运动与政党互动以及民粹主义政党发展的重要样本。本文根据政党类型学框架，从话语塑造、动员策略等维度分析平民党从社会运动向议会政党的第一次转型，以及从运动型政党向选举型政党的第二次转型，进而揭示其转型限度与未来政治前景。平民党通过两次转型，实现了从反建制民粹政党向适于选举的传统政党的转变，同时也暴露出当代民粹政党在发展潜力上的局限性。
Founded in 2012，India’s Aam Aadmi Party （AAP） originated from an anti-corruption social movement. Within a decade，the AAP gained governing positions in Delhi and Punjab，establishing itself as a crucial case study for examining the interplay between social movements and political parties，as well as the evolution of populist parties in India. Based on the party typology framework，this article analyze AAP’s first transformation from a social movement to a parliamentary party，as well as its subsequent shift from a movement party to an electoralist party，exploring its dimensions such as discursive formation and mobilization strategies. It further highlights the constraints inherent in these transformations and investigates the party’s future political trajectory. Through these two transformations，the AAP shifted from an anti-establishment populist force to a conventional electoral party，reflecting the limitations in the developmental capacity of contemporary populist movements.
