The history of agricultural cooperation between China and Africa dates back several decades，evolving through three key stages：from pure agricultural aid in the 1950s，to mutually beneficial agricultural cooperation，and finally to deepened cooperation in agricultural product value chains. This progression has seen a shift from purely intergovernmental cooperation to multi-layered，multi-sectoral，and comprehensive engagement，transitioning from aid，trade，and investment to industrial and full value chain cooperation. Currently，agricultural trade between China and Africa is thriving，with significant advancements in cooperation across agricultural production，value-added processing，storage and transportation infrastructure，brand marketing. While opportunities and challenges coexist，the cooperation mechanisms are continuously optimized. China’s technological progress，coupled with Africa’s economic growth and demographic dividend，create favorable conditions for further collaboration. However，challenges such as the imperfect market mechanism in Africa and the continuous changes in the international environment remain. Both China and Africa must carefully assess these opportunities and challenges，seeking paths for mutually beneficial development. Key strategies include：1）converting comparative advantages to explore new areas of cooperation；2）achieving value chain upgrades to enhance cooperative benefits；3）innovating cooperation models to stimulate market vitality；4）strengthen strategic mutual trust between China and Africa to alleviate external pressures；and 5）promote sustainable development and achieve green cooperation. This aims to better promote the continuous deepening and development of China-Africa agricultural product supply chain cooperation.