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英国在乌克兰危机中的立场与动机

文章摘要

苏纳克政府奉行约翰逊时代确定的“援乌制俄”立场,2023年7月至2024年6月继续在乌克兰危机中扮演援乌“急先锋”和“带头者”角色,多次追加、扩大对乌军援与培训,与多国分别组成旨在持续向乌提供相应武装的空中、海上与无人机“能力联盟”。英国还是首个与乌克兰签订长期安全合作协议的国家。同时,英国继续积极推动北约强化在欧影响与扩员。在对俄政策上,英国持续进行舆论战并扩大了制裁规模,继续执行与俄能源、经贸脱钩政策。借助乌克兰危机成为欧洲意识形态领导者,强化对欧政治与战略影响,提升对美战略分量以及满足国内若干政治诉求是英国坚持上述立场与政策的主要动机。2024年7月工党政府上台后的表态和一系列动向表明,工党认同保守党政府在这场危机中执行的政策,英国将坚持现行立场。

Abstract

The Sunak government pursued the position of “assisting Ukraine to counter Russia” established during the Johnson’s premiership. The UK therefore continued to be the “vanguard” and “leader” in supporting Ukraine from July 2023 to June 2024 by repeatedly increasing and expanding its military assistance and training to Ukraine. The UK also formed air,maritime and drone “capability coalitions” aimed at sustainably arming Ukraine accordingly with a number of other countries. The UK was also the first country to sign a long-term bilateral security agreement with Ukraine. At the same time,the UK continued to strengthen and promote NATO’s influence in Europe actively. In terms of its policy towards Russia,the UK continued its war for opinions,expanded sanctions and continued to decouple from Russia in areas of energy,trade and commerce. The four main drivers for the UK’s adherence to these positions and policies are:being the ideological leader in Europe through the Ukraine crisis;strengthening its political and strategic influence on Europe;increasing its strategic weight on USA’s agenda;and satisfying a number of political demands within the country. The statements and a series of actions made by the Labour government after rising to power in July 2024 suggest that the Labour Party will not move away from the policies implemented by the Conservative government toward the crisis,and the UK will maintain its current stance.

作者简介
刘晋:刘晋,博士,中国国际问题研究院欧洲研究所副研究员,主要研究领域为海洋战略、欧洲安全及英国对外政策。