In recent years，science and technology have emerged as crucial factors in geopolitics and geoeconomics. As the world’s third-largest research power，the UK has swiftly established a new framework for research security governance to safeguard its military，economic，and national interests，significantly enhancing its capacity of research security governance. In this new framework，the UK’s intelligence and security agencies have assumed a leading role in research security governance. The four key tools are：Academic Technology Approval Scheme （ATAS），the “Trusted Research” initiative，the National Security and Investment Act，and allied coordination mechanisms. Risks to values such as academic freedom，cyber security，military capabilities，and economic competitiveness have become the focus of research security governance. Emerging critical technologies，such as artificial intelligence，are subject to heightened scrutiny and regulation. At present，the effects of this new framework are rapidly being transmitted to universities and other scientific research institutions and researchers，and have triggered a certain “chilling effect”，resulting in a major impact on scientific research cooperation between the UK and non-allied countries such as China. Looking ahead，apart from non-sensitive fields addressing common human challenges such as climate change，the UK’s scientific exchange and cooperation with China are expected to tighten further.