英国脱欧、新冠疫情、俄乌冲突等多重因素相互叠加，给英国经济造成严重冲击。2023年第三季度和第四季度英国经济连续下滑，陷入“技术性衰退”。2024年英国经济仍难改颓势。投资不足、劳动生产率增长停滞、公共服务质量下降、地区发展不平衡、贫富差距拉大等结构性问题成为制约英国中期经济增长潜力的不利因素。为解决英国经济中的结构性问题、提振英国经济，英国工党新政府采取了降低央行基础利率、减轻个税负担、增加福利支出、增加公共服务支出、拓宽企业融资渠道、延长投资区计划等多项措施，以刺激消费和投资增长，提升公共服务质量，缩小地区发展差距，最终促进英国经济增长。
The combination of multiple factors such as Brexit，the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have brought severe impacts on the UK economy. In the third and fourth quarters of 2023，the UK economy declined consecutively，falling into a “technical recession”. In 2024，the economic growth in the UK is still expected to be low. Structural problems such as insufficient investment，stagnation of labour productivity growth，deterioration of public services，uneven regional development，and widening gap between the rich and the poor are the unfavourable factors which will restrict the UK’s medium-term economic growth. In response to the weak economic growth and structural problems，the Labour government has taken a variety of measures，including reduction of the central bank’s base interest rate，reduction of income tax rates，increase of welfare spending，increase of public service spending，broadening of corporate financing channels，and extension of investment zone plans，which intend to stimulate consumption and investment growth，to improve the quality of public services，and to narrow regional development gaps.
