In 2023，Chile’s constitutional reform was deadlocked，with drafts rejected in two successive referendums，and deep divisions among political forces on key issues. In September，the nation commemorated the 50th anniversary of the 9/11 coup d’état of 1973，reaffirming the importance of strengthening democratic institutions. Macroeconomic growth was subdued and domestic demand was weak，but inflation levels were effectively controlled. The government launched a comprehensive development package to clarify fiscal responsibility and enhance transparency in public spending. The process of nationalizing lithium mines accelerated，with the government announcing the creation of a state-owned lithium mining company. Natural disasters and extreme weather events were frequent，causing significant socioeconomic losses. The problems of crime and immigration are becoming increasingly acute，and have become a major concern for social security. The President of Chile visited China，and the two countries enhanced political mutual trust，issued a joint statement，and deepened cooperation in various fields.