Successive Indian governments have attached great importance towards the South Asian neighbourhood，and the Modi government has put forward the “neighbourhood first” policy. The Modi government’s “neighbourhood first” policy has made much progress，but it also faces obvious limits. This limitation is mainly reflected as three dilemmas，which are the “community dilemma” caused by the lack of mutual trust with neighboring countries，the “integration dilemma” caused by the failure to effectively promote regional integration，and the “block-politics dilemma” caused by convergence with the United States to contain China in South Asia. From the perspective of strategic culture，the main reasons leading to the above dilemmas are the hierarchical order concept of “India first”，the absolute security concept of pursuing the scientific frontier，and the wrong concept of friend and foe that regards China as an adversary. South Asia is the “shared neighborhood” of China and India，and it is necessary for India to join hands with China to promote “China-India +” cooperation in South Asia，so as to build South Asia into a strategic support for India’s rise.