Under the Indo-Pacific framework，the Australia-U.S.alliance in 2023 continued to move forward，with the announcement of the AUKUS nuclear submarine project and the deepening of Australia-U.S.cooperation in the defence industry and exchange of intelligence；Australia has actively cooperated with the U.S.deployment of the Indo-Pacific Strategy，following the U.S.lead on the South China Sea；and the alliance has increasingly focused on cooperation in areas such as climate change，clean energy transition，key minerals and technology，cyber，and space，and the scope of alliance cooperation is expanding. Against this backdrop，Australia and the United States have become more aware of the need to build on each other’s strengths，and have continued to give new meaning to the alliance. Nonetheless，the alliance still faces challenges in advancing its nuclear submarine programme，and the strategic and military ties between the two countries make Australia’s autonomy even more limited.