In the context of the 45th anniversary of the signing of China-Japan Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 2023，the political and diplomatic relations between China and Japan have continued to develop. However，conflicts and differences，especially the Taiwan question，have hindered the deep improvement of the bilateral relations. The economic cooperation between China and Japan continues to deepen，but it has also been negatively affected by geopolitical factors，especially the strengthening of strategic competition with China by the Biden administration of the United States. The China-Japan security dialogue has gradually resumed and increased，but due to the influence of the Japan-US alliance and Japan’s security strategy transformation，the security relationship between China and Japan has become more complex. In addition，the Japanese government’s insistence on discharging Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water into the sea has become an important factor affecting the deterioration of Sino-Japanese relations in 2023，hindering the process of improving Sino-Japan relations. Looking to the future，China and Japan should take the commemoration of the 45th anniversary of the signing of China-Japan Treaty of Peace and Friendship as an opportunity，adhere to their original aspiration，continue the historical mission of peace and friendship between China and Japan，and make unremitting efforts to promote the construction of a China-Japan relationship that meets the requirements of the new era.