The city of Aleppo in northern Syria is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It has been the meeting point of many trade routes since ancient times，and also a mosaic of Eastern and Western cultures. Before the civil war of Syria，it was the largest city in the country due to its population. Through a brief review of the long history of Aleppo from ancient times to modern days its status as a city reached its peak during Ottoman rule. The intersection of trade routes also brings about cultures from the East and the West. Aleppo has always been known for its tolerance of culture. However，after the Syrian Civil War broke out，Aleppo’s infrastructures，economic industries and cultural heritages have suffered severe damages. In recent years，the reconstruction and restoration work of the city has won initial success. The exploration of Aleppo’s urban history will not only enrich the field of studies of urban history and Syrian history，but also serves as a historical tribute to Aleppo as a unique economic，commercial and cultural capital，with the aim of contributing to its ongoing rehabilitation and to Sino-Syrian cooperation under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.