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北京市以服务业扩大开放再升级打造外资吸引“强磁场”的趋势方向(2024)

文章摘要

当前逆全球化潮流涌动,中国吸引外资的外部环境发生重大变化。《世界投资报告2024》显示,2023年全球FDI流量仅为1.37万亿美元,相较2022年下降2%。在全球外商直接投资“蛋糕”一再缩小的背景下,我国利用外资的任务较为艰巨复杂。《中国外资统计公报2023》显示,2022年新设外商投资企业38497家,数量有所减少,其中来自欧洲和东盟的新设企业数量减少的现象非常值得关注。北京市主要产业是轻资产的服务业,外资的服务业竞争力不如制造业,面临的困难与“水土不服”的情况较为突出。现阶段北京市招商引资面临来自自身产业结构和外部环境的双重压力。基于此,本报告从电信、金融和专业服务三个重点服务业领域入手,分析北京市对外开放现状及与CPTPP的差距,据此提出一些建议,包括主动对接高水平国际经贸规则,探索优化跨境服务负面清单,加快推进电信、法律等服务业领域的开放,加快“两国双园”建设,推进数据流动分级改革,改善外资研发环境等。

Abstract

The World Investment Report 2024 indicates that the global FDI flow in 2023 was only $1.37 trillion,a decrease of 2% compared to 2022. Against the backdrop of the continuous shrinkage of the global foreign direct investment “pie”,the task of utilizing foreign capital in our country has become more arduous and complex. The China Statistical Bulletin on Foreign Investment 2023 reports a decline in the number of newly established foreign-funded enterprises to 38,497 in 2022,with a significant decrease in European and ASEAN investments warranting attention. Beijing’s main industries are asset-light service industries,and the competitiveness of foreign-funded service industries is not as strong as that of the manufacturing industry. The difficulties and “cultural incompatibility” faced are more severe. At this stage,Beijing’s investment attraction environment is under dual pressures from its own industrial structure and external environment. Based on this,this study focuses on analyzing the current status of Beijing’s opening up in three key service industries-telecommunications,finance,and professional services-and the gap with the CPTPP,and accordingly puts forward some suggestions,including actively aligning with high-level international economic and trade rules,exploring the optimization of the negative list for cross-border services,accelerating the opening up of service industries such as telecommunications and legal services,speeding up the construction of “two countries and two parks”,promoting the reform of data flow grading,facilitating the movement of natural persons,and improving the environment for foreign investment in R&D.

作者简介
刘斌:刘斌,经济学博士,对外经济贸易大学国家对外开放研究院、政府管理学院研究员,博士生导师,主要研究方向为世界经济。
朱晓梅:朱晓梅,对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院博士研究生,主要研究方向为世界经济。