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2022年阿尔巴尼亚发展报告

文章摘要

2022年,政治方面,阿尔巴尼亚最大反对党民主党内部分裂加剧,贝里沙重新掌权,与梅塔领导的重组后的自由党联合筹备大选,同时执政党社会党提名的总统候选人当选并就职,民主党和社会党的力量继续此消彼长。经济方面,政府推出“社会复原力计划”等应对内外压力,刺激经济复苏,进出口贸易、旅游和不动产三大产业的发展确保经济延续缓慢增长态势。外交与安全方面,阿尔巴尼亚正式开启入盟谈判,在柏林进程和“开放巴尔干”倡议下加强区域合作,以积极姿态进入融入欧洲的新阶段,同时加强与美国的多领域合作,在遭境外网络攻击后迅速与伊朗断交。在社会与文化方面,教育领域的工会抗议活动未果、人才流失日趋严重是长期社会矛盾的外化表现,而地拉那“欧洲青年之都”年等活动的举办又呈现出国家充满文化活力的一面。在与中国关系方面,中阿在农业、经贸和旅游方面的合作务实开展,教育领域的往来恢复发展,体育、文化、图书出版方面成果丰硕。

Abstract

In 2022,Albania experienced heightened internal divisions within the Democratic Party,the largest opposition party. Berisha regained power and formed an alliance with the restructured Liberal Party led by Meta in preparation for the upcoming general election. Concurrently,the presidential candidate nominated by the ruling Socialist Party was elected and inaugurated. The power dynamics between the Democratic Party and the Socialist Party remained in flux. Regarding the economy,the government implemented measures like the Social Resilience Package to address internal and external pressures and stimulate economic recovery. The import and export,tourism,and real estate sectors ensured a gradual and steady growth. On the diplomatic and security front,Albania officially initiated accession negotiations with the European Union,bolstered regional cooperation through the Berlin Process and the Open Balkan initiative,and demonstrated a proactive stance towards European integration. Additionally,Albania expanded its multidimensional cooperation with the United States and swiftly severed diplomatic ties with Iran following a cyber-attack. In the social and cultural sphere,protests led by the teachers’ union failed to achieve their desired outcomes,underscoring long-standing social conflicts and the escalating brain drain. Nevertheless,events such as the European Youth Capital 2022 held in Tirana showcased the country’s vibrant cultural scene. In terms of relations with China,both nations pragmatically collaborated in agriculture,trade,tourism,and education,yielding fruitful results in sports,culture,and publishing.

作者简介
陈逢华:陈逢华,博士,副教授,北京外国语大学欧洲语言文化学院阿尔巴尼亚语教研室主任,主要研究方向为阿尔巴尼亚语言文学、中阿文化交流等。
尤诗昊:尤诗昊,北京外国语大学2024级博士研究生,主要研究方向为阿尔巴尼亚语言文学、中阿关系等。