In the context of industrialization transformation and global warming，China and the EU have been engaged in climate change dialogue since the 1990s，and have established a relatively stable low-carbon cooperation dialogue mechanism. However，under the influence of the “anti-globalization” wave and the European energy crisis，China-Eu low-carbon cooperation has shown a certain new trend in recent years，and the competition between the two sides in low-carbon development has been significantly enhanced. By reviewing the history of the evolution of China-Eu low-carbon cooperation and combining with the international pattern of global climate governance，this report explores the possible opportunities of China-Eu low-carbon cooperation from the aspects of actual needs，cooperation basis，complementary advantages and external competition，and summarizes the challenges faced by the two sides in the internal structure of the EU，the China-Eu competition model，the joint restrictions of the United States and the EU，and China’s technological bottlenecks. Based on relevant analysis，this report puts forward suggestions on strengthening China’s institutional rule system，improving China’s independent research and development capacity of low-carbon technologies，giving play to the role of a multi-level climate dialogue mechanism，and exploring the “China-Eu+X” low-carbon cooperation model，in order to provide possible directions and feasible paths for deepening China-Eu low-carbon cooperation.