The construction of the EU’s early warning system for new psychoactive substances has formed a system architecture for information exchange and early warning on new psychoactive substance issues at the EU level.The system aims to provide a supranational decision-making framework that enables EU member states to establish，maintain，and strengthen their own national early warning systems，thereby enabling immediate delivery of the expected outputs required by the regulation.The existence and development of this system will help strengthen the dynamic perception of the spread of new psychoactive substances in Europe by the European Drug and Addiction Monitoring Center，and help EU countries collectively respond to public health and social threats related to new psychoactive substances，achieving coordination and overall recovery in decision-making difficulties caused by related drugs.Its core purpose is to prevent or reduce the risk of harm caused by the spread of new psychoactive substances，providing reaction time and decision-making reference for EU countries.However，during the 27 years of operation and development of this system，new substances have emerged constantly，precursor chemicals have been constantly changing and circulating in international trade.The EU’s early warning system has found it difficult to maintain the principle of non-interference in early warning work of member states，and the influence of major powers has become increasingly severe.The multi-layered administrative structure and legislative time differences also make it difficult to implement response measures in a timely manner.Overall，it is precisely the series of structural issues facing the EU itself that limit the actual operational effectiveness of its early warning system and damage its ability to respond to the issue of new psychoactive substances.