《中华人民共和国禁毒法》对各项戒毒措施做了明确的法律规定，包括自愿戒毒、社区戒毒、强制隔离戒毒、社区康复等多种措施，建立了戒毒治疗、康复指导、救助服务兼备的工作体系。自愿戒毒机构作为一支重要的社会力量，不仅减少了强制隔离戒毒的费用，而且帮助戒毒者接受专业化和规范化的治疗。本文通过在西安新城华佑医院开展的田野调查，分析了西北地区自愿戒毒机构的成瘾治疗实践。该地区的自愿戒毒机构坚持整体治疗的方法，并利用脱毒治疗、药物维持治疗、心理社会支持和护理干预，提供以患者为导向的成瘾治疗。该方法不仅帮助患者克服药物成瘾，而且促进其维持家庭的完整性，从而为维持社会秩序做出积极贡献。然而，大多数戒毒者倾向于自我药疗，导致治疗依从性低和复发率高。此外，药物滥用现象变得更加复杂化和多样化，使西北地区的自愿戒毒机构面临新的挑战，如酒精成瘾和其他药物成瘾患者有所增加。如何科学分析影响西北地区自愿戒毒机构的微观、中观、宏观环境因素，有效整合资源，优化治疗方案，提高服务可及性，是该地区自愿戒毒机构当前的工作重点。与此同时，各级政府的财政和政策支持对于促进这些机构的发展至关重要。
The Anti-Drug Law of the People’s Republic of China outlines various drug rehabilitation measures，which include voluntary drug rehabilitation，community detoxification，compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation，and community drug rehabilitation.These rehabilitation measures establish a working system that includes detoxification treatment，rehabilitation guidance，and rescue services.Voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions are a crucial social force that not only reduces the public power’s expenses for compulsory drug rehabilitation but also helps drug users receive professional and standardized treatment.This article analyzes the treatment practices of voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions in Northwest China by conducting fieldwork at Huayou Drug Rehabilitation Hospital in Xi’an.It is argued that the voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions in this region adhere to a holistic approach and utilize drug detoxification，methadone maintenance treatment，psychosocial support，and nursing intervention to provide patient-oriented treatment for addicted patients.This approach not only assists patients in overcoming drug addiction but also promotes family integrity and social order，thereby making positive contributions.However，most drug users tend to self-medicate，leading to low treatment compliance and high relapse rates.Furthermore，the phenomenon of substance use has become more complex and diversified.Consequently，drug rehabilitation medical institutions in Northwest China face new challenges，such as an increase in patients with alcohol and iatrogenic addictions.How to scientifically analyze the micro-meso-macro environmental factors affecting voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions in Northwest China，and then effectively integrate resources，optimize treatment plans，and improve service accessibility are the current work priorities of voluntary drug rehabilitation institutions in this region.Meanwhile，financial and policy support from all levels of government is essential for promoting the development of these institutions.
| Keywords： | Voluntary Drug Rehabilitation InstitutionsDrug DetoxificationPsychosocial SupportNursing InterventionTreatment Compliance |
