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2022~2023年英国移民状况与政策应对

文章摘要

2022~2023年,英国移民发展受新冠疫情的影响相较往年有所减少,英国的入境移民人数和长期净移民人数在有序地增长,与学习和工作相关的移民人数呈现上升趋势,但寻求庇护人数依然没有恢复到疫情前的水平。同时,为应对俄乌冲突导致的流离失所人口的迁移,英国出台了“定制”的移民政策,庇护和支持了20多万的乌克兰难民和在英国务工的季节性工人。2022~2023年,新冠疫情全球突发卫生事件给英国移民系统带来的影响在逐渐削减,各项移民数据表明,因为新冠疫情相关旅行限制导致的人口迁移收缩正在快速恢复。与疫情前相比,非欧盟国民正逐渐代替欧盟国民成为英国移民各项数据中的主体,这更多是受到英国脱欧结束人员自由流动的影响。

Abstract

In 2022-2023,the UK’s migration profile was less affected by Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic than in previous years,with an orderly increase in the number of arrivals and long-term net migration to the UK. The number of immigrants related to learning and work is on the rise,although asylum numbers have not yet recovered to their pre-pandemic levels. At the same time,in response to the migration of people displaced by the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the UK has put in place a ‘bespoke’ immigration policy that has sheltered and supported more than 200,000 Ukrainian refugees and seasonal workers in the UK. In 2022-2023,the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the UK’s immigration system is gradually diminishing. Migration data suggests that the contraction in migration due to the travel restrictions imposed by the epidemic is recovering rapidly. Non-EU nationals are gradually replacing EU nationals as the mainstay of UK immigration data compared to the pre-event period,driven more by the impact of Brexit ending the free movement of people.

作者简介
刘春燕:刘春燕,博士,广东外语外贸大学社会与公共管理学院教授、硕士生导师,国际移民研究中心副主任、研究员,主要研究方向为社会政策、社会工作、移民问题研究。
马健恺:马健恺,广东外语外贸大学社会与公共管理学院社会工作专业硕士研究生。