2022~2023年,新冠疫情对于各国边境管控的影响基本结束,国际人口流动趋于常态。在欧洲,国际人口流动年度规模明显扩大,国际流动人口的多元性也明显增加。难民庇护申请数量显著增长,审批通过率明显提升;移民人口占总人口的比重持续增大,入籍移民占比也在相应提升。但是,在难民和移民流动与治理上欧洲面临一体化政策执行难、突发战争难民应对难等问题,仍然面临两组基本矛盾:一是大多数国家一方面缺乏技术性劳动力和高端人才,希望扩大开放引入移民,而另一方面又不愿意接收大量涌入的以“无技能”或“少技能”为特征的战争难民,从而承担由此而来的大量额外社会责任等;二是各国一直都存在的内在矛盾,即人道主义至上原则与国家利益至上原则的矛盾。因此,欧洲外来移民和难民治理必须加强一体化建设的治理方向;必须尽快恢复经济,克服“迁出危机”,筑牢难民和移民融入的经济基础;必须坚持和平发展,探索解决欧洲战争难民困境的治本之策。
In 2022-2023,the post-epidemic era has started,with European countries basically abolishing border epidemic control,and international population movement becoming normal. In Europe,the annual scale of international migration has increased significantly,and the diversity of international migration population has also increased significantly. The number of asylum applications has increased,and the approval rate has increased significantly. The proportion of immigrants in the total population continues to increase,and the proportion of naturalized immigrants is increasing accordingly. However,in terms of the flow and management of refugees and migrants,Europe still faces problems such as the implementation of integration policies and the response to sudden war refugees,and still faces two basic contradictions:on the one hand,most member states lack skilled labor and high-end talents,and hope to expand the opening to introduce immigrants;on the other hand,they are unwilling to bear a large number of “unskilled” or “low-skilled” war refugees,and bear a large number of additional social responsibilities. The second is the inherent contradiction that has always existed,that is,the contradiction between the principle of the supremacy of humanism and the principle of the supremacy of national interests of member states. Therefore,the governance of immigrants and refugees in Europe must strengthen the governance direction of integration construction. It is necessary to restore the economy as soon as possible,overcome the “migration crisis”,and strengthen the economic basis for the integration of refugees and migrants. In the end,peaceful development is the fundamental solution to the plight of war refugees in Europe.