本报告从欧盟和成员国层面以及从政府、智库、民众和企业视角多角度梳理了2023年度欧盟对华“去风险”政策的发展历程和具体内容，明确指出欧盟对华“去风险”认知和具体政策的“风险”之处。为了澄清中欧相互依赖的具体事实，报告从中欧经贸相互依赖的视角具体分析了依赖性关系的具体情况，明确指出中欧的贸易依赖度比较接近。通过同美国贸易依赖度的对比可以看出，欧盟对美国的依赖显著大于对中国的依赖。在高端制造行业，中欧贸易依赖度在接近，欧盟主要高端制造业产品对中国的进口依赖呈现上升趋势，而中国主要高端制造产品对欧盟的进口依赖部分显示出下降趋势。在原材料领域，欧盟战略性矿产资源对中国保持着较高的进口依赖，而中国对欧盟的木材等农林业原材料有着较高的进口依赖；同时，中欧在机械设备、铁路和有轨电车机车、医疗设备、汽车领域近年来显示出较高的相互依赖。此外，欧盟单方面高度依赖中国的电机设备产品，而中国则单方面高度依赖欧盟的武器和弹药、航天飞机、药品行业产品等。而在产业链相互依赖上，中国对欧洲的依赖明显大于欧洲对中国的依赖。基于对上述事实分析可以发现，欧盟的“去风险”战略具有显而易见的意识形态和地缘政治思维。中欧关系要持续稳定发展，就需要对双方的依赖性有着多维度和客观认知，保持务实合作韧性，推动发展行稳致远。
This report summarizes the development and content of the EU’s de-risking policy towards China in 2023 from multiple perspectives，including the EU and member states，as well as from the perspectives of government，think tanks，the public，and businesses. It clearly points out the risks of the EU’s de-risking perception and policies towards China. In order to clarify the facts of China Europe interdependence，the report analyzes the specific situation of the dependency relationship from the perspective of China Europe economic and trade interdependence，and clearly points out that China Europe’s trade dependence is relatively close. By comparing its trade dependence with the United States，it can be seen that the EU’s dependence on the United States is significantly greater than its dependence on China. In the high-end manufacturing industry，the trade dependence between China and Europe is approaching，and the import dependence of major high-end manufacturing products from the EU on China is showing an upward trend，while the import dependence of major high-end manufacturing products from China on the EU is showing a downward trend. In the field of raw materials，the EU maintains a high import dependence on China for strategic mineral resources；China has a high import dependence on agricultural and forestry raw materials such as wood from the EU；Meanwhile，China and Europe have shown a high level of interdependence in the fields of mechanical equipment，railways and tram locomotives，medical equipment，and automobiles in recent years；In addition，the EU unilaterally relies heavily on China’s motor equipment products，while China unilaterally relies heavily on EU weapons and ammunition，space shuttles，pharmaceutical industry products，etc. In terms of interdependence in the industrial chain，China’s dependence on Europe is significantly greater than Europe’s dependence on China. Based on the analysis of the above facts，it can be shown that the EU’s de-risking strategy has obvious ideological and geopolitical thinking. To achieve sustained and stable development of China Europe relations，it is necessary to have a multidimensional and objective understanding of the interdependence between the two sides，maintain pragmatic cooperation resilience，and promote stable and far-reaching development.
