Toxicology is an important branch of medicine，which gradually emerged，formed and developed in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean coastal region as a result of the exchange of civilizations and their integration and development. Toxicology took shape in the Aegean region of ancient Greece，and tended to become independent under the rich accumulation of ancient traditional habits of using drugs and the important influence of the independent system of Greek medicine. The Hellenistic period was an important stage in its development，and the central cities of power，represented by Alexandria in Egypt and Pontus in Asia Minor，formed new research centers under the strong support of the royal power，and the concept of toxicology took shape，clinical practice formed a system. In the early days of the Roman Empire，toxicology achieved cross-regional development，the East-West traffic promoted the trade of toxic substances，and the study of toxicology was widely accepted by all social strata，which continued to be the collection of the classical era，matured，tended to scientific interpretation，and spread widely.