The scientific and technological cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization（SCO）is one of the symbols of its development towards a higher level of regional economic integration. Under the multilateral framework，technology cooperation first relies on the establishment and improvement of cooperative systems. In the process of technology cooperation under the SCO framework，diversified cooperation systems and platforms have gradually been formed，including mechanisms for summit meetings，cooperative agreements，cooperation projects，and cooperation forums at all levels. This has laid the institutional guarantee for multilateral technology cooperation and also expanded new space for regional economic cooperation within the organization. With the comprehensive progress of the organization，the multilateral cooperation practice of the SCO in the field of technology has continuously expanded its breadth and depth and has achieved rich results. These remarkable achievements are especially in priority cooperation areas such as natural resource protection and utilization，energy development，energy conservation and emission reduction，life system technology，nanotechnology and new materials，and information and communication systems. At the same time，it should be noted that significant barriers remain in SCO’s technology cooperation due to substantial disparities in members’ levels of development and inherent obstacles in regional economic collaboration，such as talent shortages and inconsistent standards. However，the strong desire for cooperation among member countries and existing cooperation experience and mechanisms，are positive factors for the technological collaboration within the SCO’s multilateral framework. As a result，there is great potential for advancing high-quality economic development in the SCO region through multilateral technology cooperation.