For a long time，the situation in Afghanistan has had multiple impacts on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization（SCO）. At the beginning of the Taliban’s return to power in Afghanistan，terrorist activities increased rather than decreased，and showed a trend of outward expansion. Faced with enormous domestic and international pressure，the Afghan Taliban has taken various anti-terrorism measures such as restrictions，crackdowns，and enablement，which have improved the security situation in Afghanistan to some extent. However，its anti-terrorism operation has also led to the accelerated outward expansion of terrorism，which indirectly deteriorates the regional security situation. Afghanistan’s neighboring countries are mostly members of the SCO，therefore the organization is facing security threats from Afghanistan. Currently，there are still differences among the SCO members in identifying security threats to Afghanistan，cooperating in combating terrorism，and measures to handle relations with Afghanistan.