Population is an important source of economic growth，and the population and economic development in border areas are the key to promoting the stability and development of border areas. At present，the economic endogenous power in the border areas is insufficient，the industrial development is backward，and the supporting capacity for employment is poor，leading to the low mechanical growth rate of population in the border areas，population contraction and population structure imbalance in some provinces. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period，the state paid close attention to the development of border areas. Under the strategy of jointly building the “the Belt and Road” Initiative and coordinated regional development，it took multiple measures to strengthen the population and economic support of border areas and achieve the goal of promoting stability and development of border areas.