The Gulf of Guinea has replaced Somalia as the new hot spot for piracy. Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea has seriously affected global energy trade and maritime transport security. Based on the multiple considerations of safeguarding and consolidating maritime economic interests，safeguarding their own security and stability，and increasing their influence，international organizations including the United Nations and the European Union，as well as extraterritorial actors，including Western powers in Europe and America，combated piracy through military cooperation and institutional improvement. Although some achievements have been made，challenges still remain，such as limited ability to coordinate the fight against piracy in the Gulf of Guinea，differences in perceptions，and difficulties in international and domestic law enforcement. Looking ahead，extraterritorial actors should foster a sense of pluralistic community in combating piracy，enhance the capacity of multi-party cooperation in combating piracy，improve relevant laws and policies，effectively safeguard regional maritime security，and promote the building of a “Security Community in the Gulf of Guinea”.