碳排放权交易机制为碳市场的良好运转提供了框架和前提，是碳市场建设和发展的核心。本报告围绕碳排放权交易机制设计这一命题，回顾了目前成熟碳交易体系和新兴碳市场的发展历程，总结了各地的实践探索和经验做法。本报告选取了覆盖范围、配额总量、配额分配、市场交易、履约抵销等机制设计的核心要素进行横向对比分析，并总结各国在机制要素设计过程中的主流思路和实践做法，进一步提出全球碳交易机制创新趋势，并对未来发展态势进行展望，以期为我国碳市场下一步的建设完善提供参考借鉴。
The carbon trading mechanism establishes the essential framework for the effective operation of the carbon market，serving as its cornerstone. This mechanism’s design is pivotal to the construction and advancement of the carbon market. This study centers on the proposition of carbon trading mechanism design，undertaking a vertical review of the developmental trajectory of existing mature carbon trading systems and burgeoning carbon markets. Additionally，it consolidates the historical exploration and practical experiences across various regions. By focusing on fundamental elements of mechanism design including coverage，cap setting，allowance allocation，market trading，and compliance offsetting，this report conducts a comparative analysis. This analysis delves into the mainstream ideologies and associated considerations within the design process of each mechanism element. Moreover，it elucidates innovative trends and future developmental prospects of the global carbon trading mechanism. This endeavor aims to furnish insights that could inform enhancements within the framework of the Chinese carbon market mechanism.
