在过去的50年里，意大利遭遇了一系列经济危机。20世纪70年代陷入通货膨胀危机，80年代出现了公共债务问题，90年代出现了货币危机。这些危机有些是与其他欧洲国家共同经历的，有些则是意大利独有的。在过去15年里，意大利又遭受了4次经济冲击，依次为国际金融危机、主权债务危机、新冠疫情大流行和俄乌冲突带来的通货膨胀冲击。实际上，这些危机给了意大利深刻审视自身存在的问题并着力推进经济改革的机会。然而，由于游说团体和利益集团的阻挠，意大利始终没能真正落实旨在深度改革的政策，令人们的希望一再受挫。本文首先基于数据考察意大利经济的一些背景和事实，之后梳理意大利经济表现不佳的简短历史，最后尝试深入挖掘决定意大利经济增长问题的根源。
Italy has faced a series of economic crises over the past 50 years，many of which were shared with other European countries. There were inflation crises in the 1970s，public debt concerns in the 1980s and currency volatility in the 1990s. There were then four shocks in a row over the past fifteen years，i.e.，the Global Financial Crisis，the sovereign debt crisis，the coronavirus pandemic and the inflation shock linked to the Ukraine Crisis. These crises were opportunities to take stock of the problems and reform Italy’s economy. Yet，hopes have been repeatedly frustrated by the lack of policy delivery as lobbies and interest groups captured reforms. This article first examines some stylised facts and then provides a short history of Italy’s economic underperformance before digging into the root of Italy’s growth problems.
