The exchanges between the West and China gradually increased after the late Ming Dynasty，and the sea route became the main route for the navigation developed countries to reach China. This kind of communication in the geographical sense stems from the continuous improvement of western navigation science and chart surveying and mapping system. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties，China needs to constantly face the visits of western fleets from strange regions and different cultures. This has been the case for centuries. This is a comparison of sea power at two different levels. The real historical records point out that at least in the middle and early Qing Dynasty，the State paid very high attention to coastal things. However，it did not build a coastal defense system based on scientific development. The failure of many Chinese and foreign naval wars in modern times directly affected the historical process of modern China. As a neglected clue，modern western painting and China’s local chart reveal the practice mode of China and the West on sea power and its multiple intersection with national affairs under the background of Sino Western exchanges from a novel perspective.