如何认识舆论战、认知战?本文通过驻美经历和观察总结了10种方法:完备的发言人制度;主流媒体通过议题设置引导舆论;高官在特定场合演讲或接受采访释放政策信号;政府通过特定论坛释放重大信息;专业队伍为媒体提供言论支持和权威性;美国高官退休后介入政策制定;“知更鸟计划”仍在持续;民意调查成为引导舆论的风向标;信用评级成为左右市场和投资的尺度;政府通过污名化打压外国竞争对手。当下,美国对华舆论极力唱衰中国经济。中国应对美西方舆论战既要利用CGTN这样的主流媒体,也要用好TikTok等数字媒体平台,并对美方打压TikTok提供反向舆论支持。
How does one make sense of public opinion (PO) warfare and cognitive warfare?This paper,based on hands-on experience and observations in the U.S.,summarizes ten ways of guiding PO:a sound spokesperson system;PO guidance by mainstream media through agenda setting;senior officials delivering speeches on special occasions or signaling policy moves in interviews;release of important information by the government at certain forums;an expert team providing media with speech support and authority;intervention of retired senior officials in policymaking;the ongoing Operation Mockingbird;opinion polls as the weather vane of PO guidance;credit ratings as indicators influencing markets and investments;and suppression of foreign rivals by the government through smear campaigns. At present,the U.S. media is trying to bet against the Chinese economy. When coping with Western PO warfare,China should make good use of mainstream media like CGTN and digital media platforms,including TikTok,as well as provide PO support against the U.S. suppression of TikTok.
Keywords: | Public Opinion GuidanceCGTNTiktokOperation MockingbirdSmear CampaignConvergent Communication |