As a member state of the European Union，Italy’s basic education evaluation system is influenced by the EU and possesses modern characteristics while also maintaining its unique features. The Italian national evaluation system comprises three institutions at the national level responsible for assessing the quality of the education and training system. These are the National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System，the National Institute for Documentation，Innovation，and Educational Research，and a review body made up of technical staff from the Italian Ministry of Education，Universities，and Research（MIUR）. These institutions are in charge of ensuring the quality of education at the national level，carrying out systematic，scientific，and operational evaluations of educational institutions，school management，and teacher professional quality. They fully engage the initiative of the entities being evaluated，striving to enhance the scientific nature of the evaluation process and the guidance of the evaluation results. The mechanisms for evaluating the quality of basic education in Italy are worthy of reflection and reference.