《愚管抄》是日本历史上的首部史论著作，作者慈圆出身高贵，是关白大臣藤原忠通之子，也是日本历史上首位四次出任天台座主的僧人。慈圆有着丰富的和汉知识，精通内外经典，在解释日本历史时，遍寻“梵、汉、和”三国的道理，最终将日本历史自身逻辑起点置于神代。该书以“祖神约定”论来解释日本历史，整体上围绕“道理”二字展开，以“百王”延续为思想背景，建构了自神武天皇至第八十四代天皇顺德天皇的日本历史，且联系日本三大神器之一的宝剑为何丢失，对自己身处的保元之乱以后武士的兴起给出解释。本文拟从“梵、汉、和”这一更为宽广的日本中世文化语境出发，对《愚管抄》一书的“道理”做一解析。
Gukanshō is the first historical theory work about the history of Japan. It was composed by Jien who was the son of Japanese regent （Kampaku） Fujiwara no Tadamichi，a member of the Fujiwara clan of powerful aristocrats，and the first monk in Japanese history to serve as the Head Priest of Enryakuji Temple（Tendai-zasu） for four times. Jien was proficient in Japanese and Chinese knowledge as well as Buddhist scriptures. For explaining Japanese history，he searched for the Principles （dōri） of India，China，and Japan，and finally he found that the logic of Japanese history itself originated from the age of gods. Therefore，the theory of “the agreement of ancient gods” was often used to explain Japanese history in Gukanshō. Gukanshō mainly concerned on the Principles （dōri） of history with the continuation of “Hundred Kings” as the ideological background. It narrated the history of Japan from Emperor Jimmu to the eighty-fourth emperor Juntoku，and by connecting with the reason for the loss of the sword，one of Japan’s Three Sacred Treasures explained why the samurai had been arised since the Hōgen rebellion. This article intends to analyze the historical theory of Gukanshō from the broader cultural context of India，China and Japan.
