2022年中国涉外案件的数量、丰富度及复杂性较上年均有一定提升。本报告从2022年中国各级人民法院作出的裁判文书中选取31件,从涉外民事诉讼的管辖权、法律适用、外国(区际)判决的承认(认可)与执行和涉外仲裁司法监督切入,以求以小见大,窥探全局。概而言之,中国各级人民法院2022年涉外司法审判实践中的新动向包括但不限于:解决了外国网络公司与中国用户签署的格式条款中的管辖条款效力、股权激励计划相关纠纷的性质、国际足联的决定与外国仲裁裁决之关系、香港个人破产令的认可与执行等前沿问题;对承认与执行外国判决上互惠的认定更具开放性;更为尊重国际条约、外国法律以及支持当事人意思自治。但是,部分案件依然存在涉外性判断不当、争诉问题定性不准、法律选择不说理或说理有瑕疵等问题。未来,中国各级人民法院应进一步着力加强司法能力建设,继续坚持司法支持仲裁的理念,坚持公正司法,提升涉外司法审判质量,保护中外当事人合法权益。
The number,diversity,and complexity of China’s foreign-related cases in 2022 have all shown certain improvements compared to the previous year. In this report 31 cases are chosen from the judgments rendered in 2022,focusing on issues such as jurisdiction,choice of law,recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments,and judicial supervision over foreign-related arbitration in foreign-related civil litigation,aiming at extrapolating insights from specific cases to gain a broader understanding. In summary,the new trends in China’s foreign judicial practice in 2022 include addressing cutting-edge issues such as the validity of jurisdiction clauses in standard terms signed between foreign internet companies and Chinese users,the nature of disputes related to equity incentive plans,the relationship between decisions of the International Federation of Association Football(FIFA)and foreign arbitration awards,and the recognition and enforceability of personal bankruptcy orders from Hong Kong SAR,while also reflecting a more open attitude towards reciprocity when it comes to recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments,as well as greater respect for international treaties and foreign laws,and stronger support for party autonomy. However,some issues still remain,such as cases that overlook their foreign-related nature,inadequately characterize the issues under dispute,or lack coherent reasoning for the choice of law. In the future,Chinese courts should continue to focus on enhancing their judicial capabilities,upholding the principle of supporting arbitration,ensuring impartial justice,improving the quality of foreign-related judicial decisions,and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of both Chinese and foreign parties.
Keywords: | JurisdictionRecognition and Enforcement of Foreign JudgmentsApplicable LawJudicial Supervision on Arbitration |