凯末尔主义是指导现代土耳其共和国建立的意识形态。凯末尔主义信条和其支持者塑造了早期土耳其共和国的政治格局，创立了至今运转依然良好的现代土耳其国家机器。自2002年正义与发展党掌权以来，凯末尔主义逐渐被伊斯兰主义和民族主义意识形态取代。然而，与之相对的是，凯末尔主义作为一种思想和行动的范畴，建立了一个坚决反对霸权主义，削弱正义与发展党及其支持者力量的框架。本文在更广阔的知识和历史背景下讨论了凯末尔主义和它的前身——奥斯曼帝国以欧洲为导向的现代化运动，以及由此产生的批判。最后，讨论了凯末尔主义传统在当前土耳其政治中的作用，并对“历史型凯末尔主义”和“承诺型凯末尔主义”形式进行了区分。
Kemalism is the founding ideology of the modern Turkish Republic. Its tenets and supporters have shaped the political landscape of the early Turkish Republic and formed the institutions of the modern Turkish state well into our days. Under the subsequent governments of the Justice and Development Party （AKP） since 2002，Kemalism has been gradually displaced by a regime reliant on the articulation of Islamist and nationalist ideological traditions. In opposition，however，Kemalism as a category of thought and action continues to create the framework for a solid block of opposition vis-à-vis the hegemonic，but waning power of the AKP and its supporters. This article discusses the larger intellectual and historical context of Europe-oriented modernization in the Ottoman Empire，where Kemalism and its predecessors emerged，and the critique it engendered. In concluding，it discusses the role Kemalist traditions play in current Turkish politics and distinguishes between two modes：‘Historical Kemalism’ and ‘Kemalism as promise’.
