本文基于古希腊—罗马知识精英的视角，对发生在2世纪中晚期的安东尼瘟疫进行多维度的考察。古典作家在古希腊—罗马瘟疫的起源问题上形成了“埃塞俄比亚起源说”并广泛流传，这成为雅典瘟疫、安东尼瘟疫、西普里安瘟疫等大流行病的起源想象。罗马军队在两河流域古城塞琉西亚染疫并带回意大利进而蔓延至行省的说法，是古典作品对安东尼瘟疫在罗马帝国暴发和传播的主流叙述；但实际上，安东尼瘟疫可能在西亚各地同时暴发，其传播路线和罗马军队回国路线恰巧重合而已。同时，古希腊—罗马知识精英对瘟疫的叙述，为我们提供了瘟疫的性质、流行状况、政府救助、危害与影响等重要信息，绘就了一幅2世纪中晚期罗马帝国的瘟疫图景。此外，古典作家和基督教知识精英的瘟疫想象，还包括从阿波罗和阿斯克勒庇俄斯崇拜到基督教兴起的嬗变，凸显了罗马帝国时期瘟疫书写的宗教色彩。
Based on the perspective of the ancient Greek-Roman intellectual elite，this paper makes a multi-dimensional study of the Antonine Plague that took place in the middle and late 2nd century. On the origin of the Antonine Plague，classical writers formed the theory of “Ethiopian Origin” and spread widely. The most popular account of the formation and spread of the Antonine Plague is the Tigris and Euphrates account that the Roman army brought back to Rome. In fact，it could have occurred all over western Asia at the same time，but along the same routes as Roman troops returning home. At the same time，the plague narratives of the ancient Greek Roman intellectual elites provided us with important information on the nature，epidemic status，government assistance，harm，and impact of the plague，constructing a picture of the plague in the mid to late 2nd century Roman Empire. In contrast，the classical literature presents us with a picture of the response to the plague，with religions from Apollo to Christianity taking a large proportion，highlighting the imagination of the ancient Greek-Roman intellectual elite.
