Interaction between civilization，self-consciousness of civilization and mutual learning of civilizations are three dimensions of Mr.Peng Shuzhi’s ‘The Theory of Civilization’. Mr.Peng believes that Interaction between civilization is the basis for the continuation of human civilization，and self-consciousness of civilization with the knowledge of things，people and self is the inevitable requirement for the development of human civilization. Civilizations are colorful due to exchanges and rich due to mutual learning. Mutual learning of civilizations has become the future trend of human civilization. It requires different civilizations to achieve mutual understanding and equal coexistence in exchanges，and continue to inherit and innovate their own civilizations on the basis of adhering to the vision of peace. Mr.Peng’s ‘The Theory of Civilization’ has a clear logic and distinctive characteristics of the times.