医学是传统中国学术的一个分支,其知识的传承方式,从先秦时期的“王官之学”到两汉的师徒授受,再到魏晋南北朝时期门阀医家对医学知识的垄断,无不呈现出知识传承的封闭性特征。隋唐是中国传统医学的发展充实时期,国家医学教育制度的形成,医学知识传播者从“世业”到“官医”身份上的转变,使得医学知识传承的管道大为拓宽。传统医学知识的传承依赖于典籍,隋唐时期国家通过编纂医经强化了对于医学经典的解释权,士人自学习医也昭示着医学知识受众群体的扩大。从医学知识的构成来看,隋唐时期医经和经方的发展理路是有明显分野的。在官方力量的介入下,《诸病源候论》《千金要方》《外台秘要》《广济方》等方书的编纂表明,隋唐时期医学的发展重心开始向经方转移,士人搜集验方的风气更使得经方在医学知识中成为一门显学。经方的实用性与国家配置医疗资源的努力不谋而合,形塑了唐宋以降医学知识的传播。
Medicine is a branch of traditional Chinese academy,the way of its knowledge inheritance shows closed features whenever from the pre-Qin period to the Han Dynasty .Sui and Tang Dynasties is the development period of traditional Chinese medicine,the formation of the national medical education system,makes the medical knowledge of the pipeline greatly widened,it was a big change that scholars learned the knowledge by themselves,Traditional medical knowledge inheritance depends on the classics,from the composition of medical knowledge,there is a clear division from prescription to classic,Sui and Tang dynasties can be described as the evolutionary period which medical classics become more standardized and develop into institutional knowledge. The knowledge of prescription became more important than medicine classics,scholar is keen on prescription knowledge. In the official and scholar's promotion,the prescription of the development shapes the way of Medical knowledge Transmission in Song dynasties.
Keywords: | Sui and Tang DynastiesMedical EducationMedical CommunityClassic PrescriptionsMaster of Medicine |