2008年以来，欧盟委员会先后出台了四份北极政策，较为详细地阐述了欧盟北极政策的任务与目标。2021年，欧盟颁布了最新版北极政策文件——《欧盟更有力地参与建设和平、可持续与繁荣的北极》，将其构建“地缘政治欧洲”的愿景拓展到了北极地区。俄乌冲突所导致的地缘政治风险不断外溢至北极地区，对北极治理产生了重大影响。在此背景之下，欧盟的北极政策遇到了更多元的挑战：来自北极的传统安全威胁不断上升，针锋相对的美俄战略博弈极大地限制了欧盟北极政策的独立自主性。同时，俄罗斯对欧洲国家实施的反制裁措施对欧盟的北极国际合作产生重大不利影响，欧盟成为北极理事会正式观察员的政策目标恐难实现。对中国而言，中国既要坚定推进北极科考，提升参与北极事务的综合实力，也要灵活处置西方对俄制裁所带来的风险，维护中国北极利益。
Since 2008，the European Commission has issued four successive Arctic policies，which set out in some detail the tasks and objectives of the EU’s Arctic policy. In 2021，the EU issued its latest Arctic policy document “A Stronger EU Engagement for a Peaceful，Sustainable and Prosperous Arctic，” extending its vision of a “geopolitical Europe” to the Arctic. The geopolitical risks arising from the Russia-Ukraine conflict continue to spill over into the Arctic，with significant implications for Arctic governance. Against this background，the EU has encountered more diversified challenges in realizing its Arctic policy objectives：traditional security threats from the Arctic are on the rise，and the US-Russian strategic game has greatly restricted the independence of the EU’s Arctic policy. At the same time，Russia’s counter-sanctions against European countries have had a negative impact on the EU’s international cooperation in the Arctic，and the EU’s policy goal of becoming a permanent observer in the Arctic Council is unlikely to be realized. As for China，we should not only firmly promote Arctic scientific research and enhance its comprehensive strength to participate in Arctic affairs，but also flexibly deal with the risks brought about by sanctions against Russia to safeguard China’s Arctic interests.
