Agriculture is an important part of Syria’s economy and has made important contributions to Syria’s economic modernization and national economic development. Since the beginning of this century，Syria’s agricultural development has faced unfavorable factors such as environmental degradation，excessive population growth and insufficient capital investment. After the outbreak of the Syrian Crisis，the agricultural economy suffered a severe recession，the agricultural market and trade were blocked by the war，and the problem of food security became increasingly prominent. At present，the reconstruction of Syria’s agricultural economy is facing a series of complex challenges. The monopoly of the new business class on the agricultural sector restricts the recovery of the agricultural economy；the drought caused by climate change is a real dilemma faced by resources and the environment；sanctions from the United States and Western countries restrict external assistance for Syria’s economic reconstruction，The COVID-19 continues to affect the speed of reconstruction of the Syrian agricultural economic sector. The reconstruction of Syria’s agricultural economy needs to speed up the return and resettlement of refugees，strengthen the policy inclination and support of the agricultural sector，enhance agricultural cooperation with the United Nations and other international organizations，and intensify cooperation with friendly countries in the fields of agriculture and food，so as to improve the country’s food self-sufficiency as soon as possible.