“阿马尔那泥板书信”为古埃及与西亚国家之间的外交信函，反映了当时西亚北非地区间的国家关系。在“阿马尔那时代”（公元前16至公元前13世纪），近东政治格局发生了一些重要的转变，长期臣服于巴比伦、米坦尼的亚述王国乘机崛起。亚述王阿淑尔乌巴里忒一世派使节携带外交信函（第15号泥板书信）出使埃及，希望埃及承认其独立地位。亚述谋求独立的行为损害了巴比伦的利益，对此巴比伦国王直接提出抗议，并给埃及法老送去了书信（第9号泥板书信），要求埃及拒绝亚述人的要求。在三国的博弈中，埃及最终承认了亚述的独立地位，这可以从第16号泥板书信中两国君主的称呼语中看得很清楚。另外，埃及的首肯也为中亚述王国的崛起提供了良好的外部条件。因此，这三封泥板书信对研究“阿马尔那时代”近东政治格局的变化与大国势力的消长具有重要的史料参考价值。
The Amarna letters are diplomatic correspondences between Egypt and the West Asian States，which represents inter-states relationship between the West Asia and the North Africa at that time. When the political map of the Near East was drawing in the Amarna era（16th century BC to 13th century BC），Assyria，which had long been subject to Babylon and Mitanni，seized the opportunity to rise. Ashur-uballit I，the Assyrian King，sent an envoy to Egypt with a correspondence （EA15），hoping to be recognized by Egypt. Assyria’s pursuit of independence harmed the Babylon’s interests，Babylon protested against this and sent the Egyptian Pharaoh a letter （EA 9），asking Egypt to reject the Assyrian request. In the game of the three countries，Egypt finally recognized the independent status of Assyria，which can be seen clearly from the title “brother” of the two kings in another letter （EA 16）. There is no doubt that Egypt’s recognition of Assyrian independence has provided good external conditions for the rise of Assyria. These three letters are of great historical value for the study of the political map of the Near East and the growth and decline of great powers in the Amarna era.
| Keywords： | EgyptAmarna LettersAssyriaBabylon |
