进入平成时代之后，国际、国内形势的剧变使日本原有政治体制难以为继，由此开启了贯穿整个平成时代的政治改革进程。1994年政治改革、桥本行政改革以及此后的政治决策体制改革构成了一个逻辑一贯的整体，即希望通过系统性的全面改革重塑日本的政治体制，并实现修改宪法、彻底摆脱“战后体制”约束的“政治大国”梦想。经过近30年的改革，日本在打破官僚支配、确立政治主导、强化首相及内阁在决策中的领导地位等方面取得了一定的阶段性成果，但日本并未因此更加强大，尤其是经济和社会层面的结构性矛盾对日本的威胁有增无减。对于令和时代的日本政府而言，如何让经济重回良性增长轨道、实现社会的可持续发展是比修改宪法更关乎日本未来的根本性问题。
After entering the Heisei Period，the drastic changes in the international and domestic situation make it difficult for Japan’s original political system to continue，thus starting the political reform process throughout the entire Heisei Period. The political reform in 1994，Hashimoto’s administrative reform and the political decision-making system reform since then constitute a logical and consistent whole，that is，hope to reshape Japan’s political system through systematic and comprehensive reform，so as to realize the dream of amending the constitution and completely getting rid of the constraints of the post-war system. After nearly 30 years of reform，we have achieved certain stage results in breaking bureaucratic domination，establishing political dominance，and strengthening the leading position of the prime minister and cabinet in decision-making. However，Japan has not become stronger because of this，especially the threat of structural contradictions at the economic and social levels to Japan in the future is increasing. For the Japanese government in the Reiwa Period，how to make the economy return to the track of benign growth and realize the sustainable development of society is a fundamental issue more related to the future of Japan than amending the constitution.
