Syrian Alawites has a variety of characteristics of belief integration，tribalism，Taqiya and centralized settlement distribution. The Western-style education of the Evangelical Missionary movement in the 19th century awakened the awareness of the Alawites’ integration into the mainstream Islamic world and opened the process of integration of Alawites with Syrian society. The French mandate system granted the Alawites internal autonomy right and realized the social equality of the Alawites，the fragility of the parliamentary democracy after the establishment of the Republic and the Military intervention in politics led to the chaos of Syria’s political development，which created a rising channel and power vacuum for the political development of the Alawites，The Alawites officers’ class rose to the state Power centre through the National Defence Force and the Ba’th Party. After the establishment of the Assad system，the complex contradictions in society are transformed into the social movement of the Muslim Brotherhood，which forms a severe challenge to the Assad system. The 2011 Syrian crisis has had an all-out impact on the Alawites，causing a threat to group security，internal political divisions，and a rift in sectarian relations. In the past two years，the situation on the battlefield in Syria has been fundamentally reversed，the crisis has greatly eased the challenge to the Alawites group，and Alawites in the future period of national reconstruction will face the urgent need to solve the issues of Alawites refugees，sectarian relations，reconstruction of internal unity.