Under the background of economic globalization in the 19th century，Jeddah，as the primary sea passage in Hejaz region，is an indispensable part of marine trade. Relying on the religious attributes of Mecca and Medina，it promotes the Hajj trade to form a huge trade consumption market. Geographical advantages，lack of resources and western trade expansion promote the circulation of foreign goods，forming a local，regional and international trade market. The expansion of western world trade，government monopoly and religious pilgrimage have influenced Jeddah port trade，and its structure has undergone a transformation from closed to dependent opening，from single to multiple.