2020年“喜来登事件”后,在马来西亚政治陷入动荡的同时,东马、西马的政治生态分别呈现出不同的特点,推动着国家政治体系进入转型期。第十五届大选后,团结政府在选举结果出炉后通过政党联盟间的合作而产生,标志着马来西亚政治体系正式过渡到“拼盘”政治时期。拼盘政治体系呈现出新的特点:君主的政治影响力增大,政权建立从政党合作发展成为政党联盟合作,选举的可预测性和选民的代表性降低,权力平衡中体现出“分肥政治”的特点。拼盘政治的形成是马来西亚政党分裂、社会高度分裂的结果,也是以“反跳槽法”为代表的新政治制度出台导致权力体系转型的结果。拼盘政治形成后,马来西亚政治权力体系从动荡期的四级权力体系演变为新的三级权力体系,相比于前两年的政治混乱,新的权力体系将在短期内趋向政治稳定。
After the Sheraton Move in 2020,the political system of Malaysia entered a transition period. While the national politics was in turmoil,the political development of Eastern Malaysia and Western Malaysia showed different characteristics respectively. After the 15th General election,the unity government came into being through the cooperation between political parties and coalitions after the election results were released,marking the formal transition of Malaysia’s political system to the period of patchwork politics. The patchwork political system presents new characteristics:the political influence of the monarch gradually increases,the establishment of the regime develops from party cooperation to party alliance cooperation,the predictability of the election and the representation of the voters gradually decreases,and the balance of power reflects the characteristics of pork-sharing politics. The formation of patchwork politics is the result of the fragmentation of political parties in Malaysia accompanied by a high degree of social fragmentation,and also the result of the transformation of the power system after the introduction of the new political system represented by the Anti-Party Hopping Law. After the formation of patchwork politics,Malaysia’s political power system has evolved from a four-tier power system to a new three-tier power system. Compared with the political chaos of the previous two years,the new power system will tend to political stability.
Keywords: | MalaysiaPolitical SystemPower SystemTransformation and ReconstructionAnti-Party Hopping Law |