2015年的《巴黎协定》为全球应对气候变化设定了雄心勃勃的减缓和适应目标，但气候变化对经济和市场的影响仍变得越来越显著，一是以极端天气事件为代表的自然灾害事件所造成的物理和经济损害不断加剧，二是应对气候变化的技术变革和政策行动也面临巨大的交易成本和过渡成本。出于对气候风险的担忧，近年来各国政府、行业和投资者越来越多地将气候变化的成本纳入决策考量，制订了更具雄心的减排计划，同时加大了研发、投资和金融支持力度等，然而全球低碳转型之路依然面临重大挑战。经济增长放缓、财政障碍、基础设施和能力欠缺、资金缺口严重、技术传播受阻、地缘政治冲突以及全球治理的碎片化等都给全球气候行动与合作前景带来挑战。
In 2015，the Paris agreement set ambitious mitigation and adaptation targets to address global warming，but the impact of climate change on economies and markets remains increasingly significant. The physical and economic damage caused by natural disasters，represented by extreme weather events，continues to rise. Technological change and policy actions to address climate change also face significant transaction and transition costs. Due to concerns about climate risks，governments，industries and investors have increasingly incorporated the climate factors into their decisions in recent years，formulated more ambitious emission reduction plans，and expanded R&D，investment，and financial support. However significant challenges remain on the road of global low-carbon transformation. Slowing economic growth，financial barriers，inadequate infrastructure and capacity，Slowing economic growth，fiscal barriers，inadequate infrastructure and capacity，severe financing gaps，hindered technology dissemination，geopolitical conflicts，and fragmented global governance all pose challenges to the prospects of global climate action and cooperation.
